In the process of electron holography, the electron beam in the microscope is split in two. One part serves as a reference; the second is directed through the sample and collects information about its ...

SEM is one of the most widely used electron microscopy techniques and its use is growing across many scientific fields. In SEM, an electron gun fires a beam of high energy electrons towards a sample.

A variety of signals that carry different details about the sample are produced by the electron beam-matter interaction (Figure 1). Every atom possesses a unique quantity of electrons that reside ...